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We use this tense for unfinished and finished actions.Unfinished Actions1: We use this tense when we want to lớn talk about unfinished actions or states or habits that started in the past và continue to the present. Usually we use it to say "how long" và we need "since" or "for". We often use stative verbs.I"ve known Karen since 1994.She"s lived in London for three years.I"ve worked here for six months."Since" and "For"We use "since" with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year). The fixed time can be another action, which is in the past simple (since I was at school, since I arrived).I"ve known Sam since 1992.I"ve liked chocolate since I was a child.She"s been here since 2pm.We use "for" with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months).I"ve known Julie for ten years.I"ve been hungry for hours.She"s had a cold for a week.Finished Actions2: Life experience. These are actions or events that happened sometime during a person"s life. We don"t say when the experience happened, and the person needs to lớn be alive now. We often use the words "ever" & "never" here.I have been khổng lồ Tokyo.They have visited Paris three times.We have never seen that film.3: With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today). The period of time is still continuing.I haven"t seen her this month.She"s drunk three cups of coffee today.I"ve already moved house twice this year!We CAN"T use the present perfect with a finished time word.NOT:I"ve seen him yesterday.4: A finished kích hoạt with a result in the present (focus on result). We often use the present perfect khổng lồ talk about something that happened in the recent past, but that is still true or important now. Sometimes we can use the past simple here, especially in US English.I"ve lost my keys (so I can"t get into my house).She"s hurt her leg (so she can"t play tennis today).They"ve missed the bus (so they will be late).5: We can also use the present perfect khổng lồ talk about something that happened recently, even if there isn"t a clear result in the present. This is common when we want lớn introduce news and we often use the words "just / yet / already / recently". However, the past simple is also correct in these cases, especially in US English.The Queen has given a speech.I"ve just seen Lucy.The Mayor has announced a new plan for the railways.Xem thêm: Nơi Nhập Sỉ Ốp Lưng Điện Thoại Giá Rẻ Và Chất Lượng Nhất Hà Nội
Been & GoneIn this tense, we use both "been" & "gone" as the past participle of "go", but in slightly different circumstances.We use "been" (often when we talk about life experience) khổng lồ mean that the person we"re talking about visited the place và came back. I"ve been khổng lồ Paris (in my life, but now I"m in London, where I live).She has been khổng lồ school today (but now she"s back at home).They have never been to lớn California.We use "gone" (often when we are talking about an action with a result in the present) to lớn mean that the person went khổng lồ the place & is at the place now.Where"s John? He"s gone to the shops (he"s at the shops now).Julie has gone to Mexico (now she"s in Mexico). They"ve gone to japan for three weeks (now they"re in Japan).Read more about the difference between the present perfect và the past simple here.Read more about the difference between the present perfect simple & the present perfect continuous here.Try some present perfect exercises here.Need more practice? Get more Perfect English Grammar with our courses.